The Minds Of Combat Soldiers During The World War I ( Wwi )

Evidence-Based Intervention Sigmund Freud extensively studied the minds of combat soldiers during the World War I (WWI) era and was one of the first to describe symptoms associated with combat stress. Psychoanalysis had its beginnings in trauma theory and has been intimately associated with the concept of psychological trauma ever since. Psychoanalytic theory advanced military psychiatry’s understanding of post-deployment mental health problems beyond the broken brain conceptualization of â€Å"shell shock.† In turn, the successful application of psychodynamics in World War II (WWII) military psychiatry inspired a dramatic shift toward psychoanalysis and spurred the growth of departments of psychiatry across America (Kudler, 2007). PTSD could possibly be treated with a combination of treatments that consist of pharmaco-therapy, psychotherapy, or a combination of the two. In addition, PTSD can be treated with various psychotropic medications that helps reduce the sympt oms. The researchers identified the most effective evidence-based treatment are classified as trauma-focused treatments. Examples of trauma-focused treatments consist of prolonged exposure (PE) therapy, and cognitive processing therapy (CPT) ( (Mcintyre-Smith, St Cyr, Roth, 2013, p. 197). Therefore, prolonged exposure (PE) belongs to the family of exposure therapy (ET). Prolonged exposure therapy is an intervention that is a guidance for the patient to help overcome the traumatic experienceShow MoreRelatedWarfare of the World Wars Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Second World War greatly differs from that of World War One. Within the short twenty-five year time period between wars, we see the greatest developments in organized military history; aircrafts create a whole new role in war, land weapons are perfected, and war strategies are heavily altered as a whole new set of battle ideals are set into play, based around the discovery of a devastating new power. The role of aircrafts has greatly changed over the course of the two wars. Prior to andRead MoreThe Advanced Technology Of World War I1634 Words   |  7 Pagesof World War I influence how war was fought? Stacy Shaw Word Count: â€Æ' Stacy Shaw Historical Investigation Paper 2/26/17 For my research paper I have chosen to research how the advanced technology of WWI influenced how war was fought. In this paper I will analyze how wars were fought before WWI and how during the war, new advancements changed the future of warfare. Themes about WWI the paper will include are weapons, vehicles, aircraft, ships, the frontline and support. For my first source I usedRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1395 Words   |  6 Pages Mahatma Gandhi, a renowned political and spiritual leader, once said that, â€Å"I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary, the evil it does is permanent.† Presume you see two men in a heated argument and one of them is about to attack the other, you take a rock and throw it at him and knock him out. On one hand it is a good thing that you prevented the attack but on the other hand you used violence yourself, and there is no doubt that you would not hesitateRead MoreThe Harlem Hellfighters : The F orgotten Heroes Of Wwi Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Hellfighters: The Forgotten Heroes of WWI The French called them the Men of Bronze out of respect, and the Germans called them the Hellfighters out of fear. This quote by Max Brooks perfectly describes one of the most decorated World War 1 units that you’ve probably never heard of. Yes, you heard that right, one of the most decorated American units and you have probably never heard of them. They are the Harlem Hellfighters, and their story is one that should be taught in historyRead MoreEssay about Storm of Steel1495 Words   |  6 Pagestalking on the subject of war, we presume that if the generals and country leaders didnt start them, they would by no means occur. In a book like Storm of Steel by Ernst Junger, though, there seems to be one more requirement, ready and enthusiastic soldiers. Junger would have probably preferred themselves warriors or barbarians. Its within this book that Ernst Junger tells the story of a man who describes and most likely believed that the battlefront of World War I was not a awfu l place to beRead MoreThe Happy Warrior by Herbert Read1223 Words   |  5 Pages World War I was a war full of combat, devastation, and death. It was not just any war. A total of over 37 million people were killed, a combination of civilians and soldiers. Soldiers went to battle every single day, not knowing which day would be their last. Soldiers werent just fighting for their countries, they were fighting for their families and their lives. The reality of war had tumultuous effects on everyone who lived during that time. It had devastating effects on economies and societiesRead MoreThe Battle Of The World War1608 Words   |  7 Pages In 1914 the first World War broke out in the center of Europe which divided the great empires practically in half. On one side there was an alliance which was composed of the Germans who were allied with the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary were up against what was called the Triple Entente. This alliance originally consisted of Great Britain, F rance, Russia, and eventually after lots of deliberation, America. As battling began in the North Eastern part of France advancements in technology andRead MoreComparison of Media Propaganda Used During the Two World Wars1715 Words   |  7 PagesWith this essay I will be comparing the way propaganda was used during the World Wars, what was their aim and target audiences and how they affected civilian and military moral and more importantly how art and poster design was used to properly influence and imprint ideas and morals to the viewers. I will also compare how different design techniques were used in each war and how effective or ineffective they were in each case and what their common attributes were and in what way they were differentRead MoreThe War That Transformed The World2362 Words   |  10 PagesThe War That Transformed the World Before 1914, European conflict had been escalating for some time. Serbian nationalism was a strong force within the Serbians, and they saw the Austro-Hungarian Empire as a threat to their nationalistic desires. On June 28 1914, Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinated the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, who was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. While the immediate cause of World War I is most commonly attributed to this assassination, the system of alliancesRead MoreViews On Humanity. As The Human Race Evolves, Some Evolutions1661 Words   |  7 Pagesindustrialization creating a race to expand empires. With the conflicts leading to World War I, humanity faced new horrors, as a result in new harsh tactics in fighting. Countries had evolved into alliances. Some alliances were public while some made in secret. Consequently, World War I destroyed empires and encouraged independence within Europe’s colonies. Germany is largely to blame for its role in both World Wars. With three different wars, each had its own significance in mortality. Until now, battlefield tactics

Community Resource Free Essays

A variety of community resources are available in communities to help people. The resource available varies from dental, abuse counseling, homeless prevention and intervention, food program and help for skin cancer patients. However, language and monetary fund’s is a need in the community. We will write a custom essay sample on Community Resource or any similar topic only for you Order Now Human services that people have in their lives goes beyond but not limited to healthcare, mental health, childcare services, housing opportunity, and employment.A particular organization offers such, the International Rescue Committee. â€Å"The International Rescue Committee is a recognized leader in humanitarian emergencies. When thousands flee war or repression, the IRC is immediately on the ground to make sure life-saving help gets to those who need it†¦. most importantly, IRC works with them to make sure they survive their exile in dignity†(International Rescue Committee [IRC], n. d. ,  ¶ 1). Some of the countries these individuals are from countries are Africa, Iraqi, Asia, and Middle East. â€Å"In addition to integrating refugees into the U. S. IRC’s resettlement network provides high-quality, comprehensive immigration services to refugee and immigrant clients. Twelve regional offices have been accredited by the Board of Immigration Appeals to provide immigration legal services† (International Rescue Committee [IRC], n. d. ,  ¶ 1). According to IRC website, people have been fleeing from their countries because of war and persecution and the regional offices across the United States helps to resettle these refugees in the country. The International Rescue Committee helps over 7000 people of different country and culture yearly.The International Rescue Committee website stated, â€Å"Staff members and volunteers believe that refugee’ greatest resources are themselves. We help them translate their skills, interests and past experiences into assets that are valuable in their new communities† (International Rescue Committee [IRC], n. d. ,  ¶ 1). This particular organization provides a great deal of resources for refugees around the United States including the city of Atlanta. Language is a big barrier for these individuals. The organization does try to help with the barrier.They provide mentor to help them with English Language, however it would be easier and more productive if these mentor speak the language of the refugees. Learning English is very important for communication and important for employment. Another organization that provides human services needs in my community, is the Lilburn Cooperative Ministry. This organization provides funds for emergency needs such as utilities, clothing closet, needs and household items, referral information for other sources of assistance, budget planning assistance, employment resource referral, school supplies and counseling referral (Lilburn Cooperative Ministry, n. . ). This community resource also provides help for people who require help with English language. A need for this community will be help for English speakers to learn a second language; especially Spanish. A number of times jobs would be available and the post stated one of the requirements is to be bilingual. In order for the job seekers to have a balance opportunity, job seeker, both English and Spanish needs to be bilingual. The language need has been met and the need for funds to help individuals without job and with low income has been met. It takes a great deal of resource to coordinate and run these organizations.The community benefits from greatly and the vision of these organizations are been met. International Rescue Committee helps people who are from other country. While the Lilburn Cooperative Ministry helps everyone. These organization helps people live a better life there services are not limited to healthcare, recreation, or employment. Both organizations serve different and similar needs. IRC serves refugees, rescue them from war. Lilburn Co-op serves the community at large they provide money for bills, food, referrals and job openings. These community resources are doing their job effectively. How to cite Community Resource, Papers

Social Capital for Strategic Management Journal - myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.How does the individual motivation factors such as reciprocity, organization rewards, and enjoyment affect the employees explicit and tacit knowledge sharing intention? Based on Yong et al. (2012). 2.How does an organization benefit from employees knowledge sharing? Based on Yong et al. (2012). 3.Does the connection between social capital and social networking relationships have an effect on the organization performance? Based on Moses (2007). 4.Which organization performs better? One sharing networking relationship with top managers of other firms, community leaders or government officials? Based on Moses (2007) Answers: 1. Motivation of the employees is vital in the success of any organization. Without a strong individual motivation, it is hardly possible for a person to share knowledge with their colleagues. Whether a tacit or explicit knowledge sharing, motivation has a significant part in enhancing the intent of an individual in sharing of information. Sharing of the knowledge is usually termed as a social exchange by the rational exchange theory. As such, it comes with some benefits either in a non-monetary (enjoyment, reciprocity) or in a monetary form (promotion, bonus). Extrinsically and intrinsically motivated employees are known to share their knowledge widely. However, there have been contradictory information regarding whether the organization rewards and incentives does encourage employees to share their knowledge. With some believing they have a positive effect, others negative and to others no effect at all. It is important to note that a persons altitude has a significant influence on whether they are willing to share the knowledge. 2. Sharing of knowledge amongst employees is very vital in the growth of an organization. Normally, sharing of the knowledge enhances innovation and invention in the organization since the employees are able to share their ideas thereby, come up with new products/services and methodologies that enhance growth and success of the firm. In the current competitive world, innovation is key for a firm to remain in the market. Knowledge sharing as well promotes trust and collegiality amongst the employees. It also helps the top management to understand the contingent nature of the intention of knowledge sharing. By learning this, they can then strengthen the team through rewards and incentives thereby, encouraging them to share knowledge. The organization can as well go a step further of linking the knowledge sharing initiatives to community activities and other corporate social responsibility missions. Such reinforcement creates self-esteem and satisfaction to the employees which in turn i mproves the overall performance of the organization. 3. Managerial actions are usually embedded in the social networks of relationships. Networking normally provides numerous benefits to the involved parties by allowing them to enjoy various available resources. The opportunities, resources, and diverse information provided by social capital, gives an organization a competitive advantage over its rivals. A positive link has been established between the organization performance and the managerial social capital. Through the relationships of networking, the organization is able to obtain access to both financial and strategic resources. They are also exposed to significantly high-quality information regarding technological opportunities, marketing, and products. The valuable information is provided in a very efficient manner, from external contacts, and through available opportunities such as in referrals and reputational endorsements. In addition, they create an opportunity for knowledge acquisition and exploitation. All in all, network ing and social capital helps the management enhance the overall performance of the organization by mitigating any uncertainties. 4. Though various studies differ significantly on which organization networking performs better, social capital developed from managers of other firms, stand out distinctively with great organizational performance and contingency strategic orientation. This is closely followed by the social capital from the government officials. The networking relationship with other top managers helps the organization to obtain information, capabilities, knowledge, and resources hence able to exploit various opportunities as well as mitigate possible threats form the external environment. Networking with government officials as well gives an organization power and control over some beneficial information and resources. Social capital from the community leaders also provides information, resources, and gives a learning opportunity that can help improve performance. The community leaders act as a bridge between the larger community and the organization. Although, due to some obligations such as favor providence, an organization may be faced with limitation of acquiring new opportunities. However, despite some challenges, networking enhances the overall performance of the organization. References Acquaah, M. (2007). Managerial social capital, strategic orientation, and organizational performance in an emerging economy. Strategic management journal, 28(12), 1235-1255. Hau, Y. S., Kim, B., Lee, H., Kim, Y. G. (2013). The effects of individual motivations and social capital on employees tacit and explicit knowledge sharing intentions. International Journal of Information Management, 33(2), 356-366.

The American Imperialism free essay sample

DBQ Imperialism: To what extent was late nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century United States expansionism a continuation of past United States expansionism and to what extent was it a departure? By the year 1901, the United States possessed the third-largest navy in the world, a considerable overseas empire, and a burgeoning reputation as a world power. It had acquired this international precedence through its involvement in the fervent imperialism of the era; the rapid expansion, colonization, and competition that was occupying the most influential nations of the world, including Britain, France, Germany, and Japan. America’s new found role as a colonial power was not, however, a sudden development. Whereas the United States expansionism of the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-centuries was a clear continuation of the social and cultural principles that had fueled the nation’s past expansionism, it was to a greater degree a departure from the methods of the past through its pursuit of new economic and political motives. We will write a custom essay sample on The American Imperialism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page American imperialism of the late 1800s and early 1900s demonstrated the same cultural and social justification of previous expansionism. The original doctrine of Manifest Destiny, which emerged in the 1840s to accompany westward continental expansion, advocated a belief that America was destined by God to expand its borders across the continent in order to spread the blessings of liberty. As Senator Albert J. Beveridge explicates in his 1900 speech to 56th Congress (Doc. E), this belief was equally influential in later imperial America; he expresses the Americans’ self-recognition as God’s chosen people, a race not only blessed, but bound by a holy duty to enlighten the rest of the world through their own expansion. This was the sentiment of â€Å"The White Man’s Burden†, described in Rudyard Kipling’s 1899 poem of this title, which invoked the social responsibility of the American race to elevate the primitive peoples of the earth. In the past, this duty had been attempted by the Christian missionaries’ permeation of the Indian tribes of the west, and was continued at the turn of the nineteenth century by the United States’ alleged efforts to civilize the inhabitants of foreign territory. Josiah Strong reaffirmed this ethnocentricity in his book Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis (Doc. B) as he described the holy mission of the Anglo-Saxon race to spread civil liberty and Christianity throughout continents across the globe. He thereby justified American imperialism with an assertion of cultural and racial superiority that had been a motivation of American expansion since the early nineteenth century. Although expansionism around the year 1900 shared some similar motivation with that of earlier decades, it was to a greater degree the result of new economic and political pursuits. Past expansion had involved annexing adjacent territory contiguous with the existing states that enabled the spread of American settlement; it was utilized for the spread of agriculture and the American population, and all acquired territory was intended to ultimately become states. Contrastingly, new territory in the age of imperialism was acquired with the economic intent of use as a colony: a provider of raw materials and markets for the products of industrialism. By denying citizenship to the inhabitants of the territory of the Philippines in the Insular Case Downes v. Bidwell (Doc. H) the Supreme Court demonstrated that the Constitution did not â€Å"follow the flag†, thereby proving that the United States had no intention of granting new territories equal status to states; they would instead be colonies serving American economic interests that contrasted with the settlement-based expansion of past decades. A further deviation from past expansionism that served as a political motivation of imperialism was the United States’ attempt to fill a role as a world power. This entailed competition with other nations in an imperialist race to claim foreign territory. In his 1899 book The Interest of America in Sea Power (Doc. C), Alfred T. Mahan expressed the need for America to prevent foreign acquisition of ideal territories that would serve American economic interests. He further mentioned the pressure that other expanding empires were exerting upon the United States to acquire crucial territories before another power did. Jingoists Henry Cabot Lodge and Theodore Roosevelt answered this demand by supporting entrance into the Spanish-American war, primarily to acquire new territory; Roosevelt ordered the taking of Manila Bay from Spain’s Philippine territory the moment war was declared in 1898. As president of the United States, Roosevelt would also be a proponent of America’s political dominance. He expressed in his Annual Message to Congress (Doc. F) in 1904 the responsibility of the United States to monitor and maintain the social and political stability of all nations in the Western Hemisphere. He compared his nation to an international police force that would inevitably dominate the affairs of all Latin American nations. This political motivation was clearly a development new to American imperialism, since past expansionism had only extended the country’s borders and maintained its policy of isolationism. The early twentieth century heralded an era of American expansionism that broke with past principles in its pursuit of economic and political interests, while it maintained cultural and social incentives of past continental expansion. As the United States began to acquire a colonial empire however, it became apparent that the allegedly noble social motives of Manifest Destiny and the spread of liberty merely served to justify the true secular intentions beneath imperialism: a desire for commercial gain and international power. It was ultimately a pursuit of these self-serving interests that fueled American imperialism and catapulted the nation to a position of dominance.

The protagonists attainment of self-knowledge shines through the darkness in Nino Riccis Lives of the Saints and Shakespeares King Lear.

The protagonists attainment of self-knowledge shines through the darkness in Nino Riccis Lives of the Saints and Shakespeares King Lear. Tragedies, be they modern or renaissance, rarely manifest a positive nature that transcends the bleakness of their character. The protagonist‚s attainment of self-knowledge shines through the darkness in Nino Ricci‚s Lives of the Saints and Shakespeare‚s King Lear. The tragedy evolves from the beginning and reaches its apex, resulting in the protagonist‚s acquisition of self-recognition and consequently outshines the catatonia of the story. Both main characters are more sinned against than sinning yet their suffering is necessary because it allows them to gain knowledge that they would not have otherwise obtained.From the very first scene, the reader sees the darkness manifest in King Lear. Lear, a proud monarch used to getting his own way, decides to make a show of dividing his kingdom between his three daughters. To his misfortune, he commits three fatal sins that eventually lead to his despair. First, in a shocking display of rage, he disowns his honorable daughter , Cordelia, when she tries to be sincere towards him.18th-century depiction of King Lear mourning over ...He responds with, ‚“Better thou/Hadst not been born than not to have pleased me better‚” (1.1.67). In a similar blunder, he banishes his faithful servant, Kent. Finally, as he divides his land between his two evil daughters, Goneril and Regan, his fate is sealed and the process of this bleak tragedy is set into motion.The darkness in Lives of the Saints is established later in the novel, beginning with Vittorio witnessing a blue-eyed stranger fleeing the shed where Cristina, Vittorio‚s mother, has been bitten by a snake. It‚s downhill for Vittorio from here as, though she survives the snakebite, his mother‚s illicit affair with the blue-eyed stranger is somehow made public to the entire town, who respond in a superstitious and unfriendly manner. New to all these dark facets of human nature, Vittorio is...

How to Manage and ID Japanese Maple

How to Manage and ID Japanese Maple Japanese maple is one of the most versatile trees for any yard, patio, or garden. Often grown for its unique 7-palmed green or red colored leaf, the maple also has an interesting growth habit, with a fine leaf texture and muscular-looking multiple trunks. Japanese maples have extraordinary fall colors that range from bright yellow through orange and red, and is often striking, even on trees grown in total shade. Specifics Scientific name: Acer palmatum Pronunciation: AY-ser pal-MAY-tum Family: Aceraceae USDA hardiness zones: USDA hardiness zones: 5B through 8 Origin: not native to North America Uses: Bonsai; container or above-ground planter; near a deck or patio; trainable as a standard; specimen Availability: generally available in many areas within its hardiness range Physical Description Height: 15 to 25 feet Spread: 15 to 25 feet Crown uniformity: symmetrical  canopy  with a regular (or smooth)  outline  and individuals have more or less identical crown forms Crown shape: round; vase shape Crown density: moderate Growth rate: slow Texture: medium Foliage Descriptions Leaf arrangement: opposite/subopposite Leaf type: simple Leaf margin: lobed; serrate Leaf shape: star-shaped Leaf venation: palmate Leaf type and persistence: deciduous Leaf blade length: 2 to 4 inches Leaf color: green Fall color: copper; orange; red; yellow Fall characteristic: showy Popular Maple Cultivars There are many cultivars of Japanese maple with a wide variety of leaf shapes and color, growth habits, and sizes. Here are some of the most popular: Atropurpureum - has reddish leaves with only five lobes  Bloodgood - new foliage is bright red, some leaves darkening to a dim green  Burgundy Lace - reddish foliage with cut leaf (sinus nearly down to the petiole)Dissectum - finely dissected leaves in green or red, growing 10 to 12 feet tall  Elegans - leaves with rose-colored margins when they first unfold  Ornatum - leaf is beautifully cut and reddish Trunk and Branch Descriptions Trunk/bark/branches: bark is thin and easily damaged from mechanical impact; droop as the tree grows, and will require pruning for vehicular or pedestrian clearance beneath the canopy; routinely grown with, or trainable to be grown with, multiple trunks; showy trunk; no thorns Pruning requirement: requires pruning to develop a strong structure Breakage: resistant Current year twig color: green; reddish Current year twig thickness: thin Pruning a Maple Most maples, if in good health and free to grow, need very little pruning. Only train for developing a leading (or multiple) shoot(s) which will eventually establish the trees framework. Maples should not be pruned in spring and could bleed profusely. Wait to prune until late summer to early autumn and only on a young tree. A habit should be encouraged in which the branches develop low and grow up at sharp angles. If suckering of green-leaved root stock occurs below the graft line on your red-leafed grafted variety, remove the green sprout immediately. Japanese Maple Culture Light requirements: tree grows best in part shade/part sun but can also handle the shade. Soil tolerances: clay; loam; sand; slightly alkaline; acidic; well-drained Drought tolerance: moderate Aerosol salt tolerance: none Soil salt tolerance: moderate Common Pests Aphids can infest Japanese maples and heavy populations can cause leaf drop or a dripping of honeydew. Scales can be a problem. Neither insect will cause the tree to die. If borers become active, it probably means you have an already sick tree. Keep the tree healthy. Leaf scorch  may become a problem during periods of high temperatures accompanied by wind. Planting Japanese maple in a bit of shade will help. Keep trees well-watered during dry periods. Symptoms of scorch and drought are tan dead areas on foliage. Bottom Line The growing habit of a Japanese maple varies widely depending on cultivar. From globose (round or spherical form) branching to the ground, to upright to vase-shaped, the maple is always a delight to look at. The globose selections look best when they are allowed to branch to the ground. Be sure to clear all turf away from beneath the branches of these low growing types so the lawn mower will not damage the tree. The more upright selections make a nice patio or small shade trees for residential lots. A large selection or compact cultivars make wonderful accents for any landscape. Japanese maple tends to leaf out early, so it may be injured by spring frosts. Protect them from drying winds and direct sun by providing exposure to partial or filtered shade and well-drained, acid soil with plenty of organic matter, particularly in the southern part of its range. Leaves often scorch in hot summer weather in USDA hardiness zones 7b and 8, unless they are in some shade or irrigated during dry weather. More direct sun can be tolerated in the northern part of the range. Be sure drainage is maintained and never allow water to stand around the roots. The tree grows fine on clay soils as long as the ground is sloped so water does not accumulate in the soil. It responds well to several inches of mulch placed beneath the canopy.

Leadership Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership Plan - Case Study Example Leadership is the most crucial position in any organization. As a leader, one should be able to identify vision and goals of the organization and establish clear ways of accomplishing the goals. While in a leadership role one influences decisions and shows his relevance in the group. The leader should also be creative enough to solve arising problems in the organization. Joan with the leadership role as a manager of the firm is expected to lead the company in establishing ways of going green as the community expects. The leadership role is faced with a variety of challenges, as Joan is new in the position. In addition, there is much pressure on the company from the decision of going green, and the responsibility of the manager is to enforce the move. For these reasons, the incumbent should give results to convince management and employees that she is competent to office. If one in a leadership role gives results, they will get support from both management and employees. Due to this, any decisions made by the leader will enjoy the support from employees, therefore, establishing a better working relationship (Ciampa, & Watkins, 1999). In doing all the above, one in a leadership role should be able to understand and interpret the environment in which the business operates. Developing winning strategies is also a critical factor and executing them in a brilliant manner. Lastly, leadership role involves measuring of the impact of policies established and adjusting them accordingly. It is also the mandate of individuals in leadership positions to develop organizational, departmental, team and personal capabilities. As a leader, Joan should be able to understand and interpret the environment by identifying opportunities that should be the target of action. In addition, she should be in a position to identify threats to the company before they materialize (Bolden, 2011). As an individual leader, the

White-collar crime and criminal theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

White-collar crime and criminal theories - Essay Example Based on the rational choice theory, individuals engage in crime deliberately, and they have the conscious that the act they engage in is criminal. The theory also holds that people engage in white-collar crime on their own and as a result of their own free will (Shover & Hochstetler 2). The rational choice theory states that individuals willing to engage in white-collar crime first evaluate their actions. Based on their evaluation of the situation, the individual then makes an assessment on whether there is a possibility that they will complete the action without any sanctions. The rational choice theory is also states that people who carry out white-collar crime tend to be motivated to do so because of the desire to make illegal gains (Shover & Hochstetler 4). The theory further argues that the entities and individuals engaging in white-collar crime know the consequences of such a crime, but they choose to ignore these consequences and engage in crime regardless of the consequences. For example, a white-collar crime like fraud is carried out intentionally with the aim of getting unscrupulous gains. Corporate entities also engage in white-collar crime intentionally since they know the consequences of such crime (Vito and Jeffrey 63). The other theory, which explains white-collar crime, is the social disorganization theory. According to this theory, the factors around a person have a profound impact on the possibility to commit a crime. The conflicts and inconsistency of institutions play a key role in determining whether the white-collar crime will be committed (Payne 224). The key theorist who advanced the social disorganization theory was Edwin Sutherland. According to him, the social disintegration of society can be regarded as the basis upon which white-collar crime takes place. The disorganization of institutions contributes to white-collar crime since it enables criminals to have an easy way.

Virtue and Epic Essay Example for Free

Virtue and Epic Essay Beowulf, the Anglo Saxon tale of a hero’s great courage, is an example of the epic form of literature. An epic is a long narrative poem that celebrates a hero’s deeds. Beowulf takes place on the European mainland, among two tribes which were the Danes and the Geats. The Geat warrior, Beowulf, crosses the sea to help the Danes and fights monsters, he later returns to Sweden to succeed his uncle Higlac as king of the Geats. Another reason Beowulf is an epic is because the story has a vast setting and includes a long, dangerous journey. Beowulf not only fights in land but he also fought dangerous sea creatures underwater. Throughout this epic, Beowulf makes a journey to find Grendel’s mother, he ends up fighting big, strong monsters underwater. Not only did he have to breathe underwater but he also had to fight. This journey was very dangerous because he had no help; he had to fight the sea creatures by himself. Beowulf should be considered an epic because it is a hero who performs supernatural feats and is in a high position in his society. There is a hero who performs supernatural feats, Beowulf breathes underwater for hours and hours, he has great strength. Beowulf has courage and bravery. He fights monsters twice his size and he ends up victorious. The hero is of noble birth or high position in his society. Beowulf’s uncle is Higlac and he is king of the Geats, therefore Beowulf is honored and respected by people in Herot. Beowulf was the strongest man in Herot that is another reason why he had a high position in his society. Beowulf also qualifies an epic because the hero’s character traits reflect important ideals of his society. An ideal of Anglo Saxon culture on the 900’s was spreading the word about the idea of adopting Christianity. This ideal was important during that time period because religion was barely spreading and they wanted Christianity to be a main aspect of life. Throughout Beowulf it makes the comparison between good and evil. Beowulf represents this ideal by him being ‘protected’ by God and his faith in God for everything. Also, throughout this epic there is an invisible battle between the good and the bad, the good being Beowulf and the bad being Grendel. Finally Beowulf is an epic because its plot involves timeless values. In present days there are still invisible battles between good and evil. We might not have sea creature or ferocious giants but we also have monsters. Some monsters in our world could be terrorists. Terrorism is something we consider a monster. Overall, in our world we consider everything that is evil a monster. In films, there is always a good side or bad side. Beowulf was a very good example of this because it involved timeless values. Beowulf, the tale of this extremely brave hero, full of courage is a great example of the epic form of literature. Beowulf fights giant monsters, breathes underwater, is undefeatable, and has God in his side. It is a great epic that has unbelievable adventures. It shows a lot of cultural values. Throughout all of its characteristics, Beowulf is defiantly an example of the epic form of literature.

Harvard Admissions Essay: My Inspiration and Sanctuary :: College Admissions Essays

My Inspiration and Sanctuary We all have a sanctuary, be it a favorite book or song, or a special, private spot by the river. My sanctuary is somewhat unique, given that so few people are fortunate enough to have it. It is 5'2" with warm hazel eyes, a gentle smile, and the most beautiful soul I have encountered in my eighteen years of life. I call her Nona. My grandmother is one of the perpetually young at heart and it shows in everything she does. At family gatherings, she flits from table to table, laughing, talking (excessively, a family trait that seems to have skipped my generation) and bestowing kisses upon old and young alike. I can honestly say that I have never known her to back down from doing anything that it wouldn't kill her to try. Sweeping down the rapids on the Jordan River, she taught me how to handle our tipsy canoe, and how many children can claim to have a grandmother willing to go paint balling? Friends and family may laugh at her seeming inability to sit still, they may make the occasional quip about decaffeinated coffee or the Energizer bunny, but they respect her, just as we all respect and admire anyone who can take such obvious pleasure in merely being alive. Many individuals waste their early years pining to be "grown up," squander away their latter years in a fruitless quest to remain young, and as a result, never experience a single moment of contentment. Watching Nona has taught me the value of time. She has been instrumental in helping me to understand that these are the years that will shape me into an adult, and that I must give myself the time I need to establish my own identity. While I look forward to my future, I feel no desire to sprint forward to meet it; a walking pace is enough. Perhaps it's a skill inherent in all actors, perhaps it's one of the benefits of her many years of life, but Nona possesses an intuition the likes of which I have never seen elsewhere. She can sense when something is amiss, and more often than not she can determine what that something is with a few shrewd questions. She will never pry on the rare occasions when I wish to remain silent, and confidences given to her are always, always safe.

Hunting Skills Essay

Without hunting we would all be dead. Our ancestors needed to hunt for food and clothing. Hunting is very important to our human history. Today hunting is not as significant to some people, the populaces who hunt these days hunt for food or they hunt for a hobby. To hunt successfully, you need patience, the equipment and skill. Patience is one of the key ingredients to a good hunt. One of the hardest things to do for me is being patience because half of the time you are sitting (or standing) in one spot looking for the animal and if you see the animal you got to debate whether you want it or to look for a better animal. If it is not in a good position you got to wait for it to move to get a good shot. Having patience is one of the best things to have when hunting. Having the right equipment when hunting is like going to school with a pencil it is common sense. The weapon is the most important so you can get the animal, but you need different weapons for different animals like 22. is good for hunting grouse, not for hunting a moose. Clothing is second; you do not want to go hunting in a T-shirt and jeans there is clothing made just for hunting. The right gear is vital to a successfully hunt. Skill is everything you need to be a great hunter. First a skilled hunter would know how to find the animal, where it lives. Second you need to be a good shot because you do not want to miss the animal then it would get scared and run away. Also you do not want to shot the animal more than once because the meat would get ruined. Skill is all you need to have a good hunt. Hunting is a way of life and a hobby to some. People have been hunting throughout the ages and are still hunting today.

Analysis of Managerial Decisions: Medford University

In an attempt to find a solution for reducing these costs, the management could have approached the Human Resources department to analyze the issue on hand and provide a revised plan for the employees' fringe benefits. Instead the management has taken a decision to create a task force to analyze the financial crises in hand and come up with a solution to help reduce the fringe benefits costs to the university. Medford University, a prestigious research university, with over 10,000 students and over 12,000 employees, is faced with a significant financial crisis Brinkley, Smith, & Zimmerman, 2009).University management has cornered the huge costs burdened by the university on the fringe benefits to the employees. This contributes to over $1 00 million annually (Brinkley, Smith, & Zimmerman, 2009). Not to mention the retirement benefits promised to the retiring employees. The university, however, off late have been faced with serious financial crises. The fringe benefits costs have been contributing to the major expense faced by the university. The management is hence faced with an immediate action plan to tackle these financial crises to salvage the true of the university and its employees.Now the solution depends widely in changing the current fringe benefits plan and for this the management could approach the human resources department to find a new plan to reduce costs and also keep the employees satisfied. Instead the president employs a special task force headed by the hospital chief administrator to find a solution to these crises. 1) President Shipyard's decision to approach the problem over the fringe benefits by assigning a task force to analyze the issue is a very different approach rather than just going to the human sources department to draft a plan to tackle the same (Brinkley, Smith, & Zimmerman, 2009).The main focus of this task force was to reduce expenditure and develop a new fringe benefit package for the employees of the university. He also ob served caution as the values of the faculty and staff of the university should not be affecting in any way by the introduction of this task force and their analysis. His seriousness in the success Of this task force was evident when a top administrator was employed to lead the task force. The vice provost and many other experienced members were also pointed to the task force to guarantee a very effective team.On the other hand, if the president had simply directed the issue to the human resources department to come up with a plan, it would have resulted in yet another revised benefits package, with cause or concern about it being directed towards the well off, wealthy, and might have even had questions raised against favoritism towards certain faculty and staff members. 2) The president must give access to all the university financial to the task force. The focus of the task force is not just to find a solution to reduce expenses UT also to seek the best possible solution for the em ployees as well.The ideas and perceptions of each of the task force members should be directed to this purpose. It is the responsibility of the president to make sure the individual concerns of each of the member is considered in discussion and every decision made. The primary focus however would be the financial of the university. 3) The chief administrators appointment to lead the task force by the President was a decision made in considering the experience and knowledge he would bring on the federal laws, state laws and the insurance hat contribute to the cost of education (Brinkley, Smith, & Zimmerman, 2009).Every member of the task force is bound to bring in various personal opinions and perceptions to the issue at hand and hence as the lead administrator, he would have to take into consideration and lead the team in the right direction. Hence the chief administrator is the most able person to help guide the committee and keep them on track in attaining the desired result. This will ensure there is a broader perspective on the problem, diverse opinion and a solution is amicably found. This allows the committee to focus on rater detail the data presented so there is an even evaluation by each individual and, as a group. ) The purpose of the committee is to find the best possible solution to tackle the financial crises faced by the university. However, it is not something that is guaranteed to be accepted by the President. The president will consider the report of the committee as the solution to the financial crises but the president does have the power to override, make suggestions or modify the solution as he see fits. It was wise to appoint her assistants as the vice provosts, to the task force to ensure that he president had easy access to information and minutes of the meetings.While the Intent is to lower the cost of fringe benefits, the president does not want to change the quality of the faculty and staff. However, the university's financial status shows that it cannot continue a costly fringe benefits plan and therefore she would be willing to offer concession to the staff of Medford University. One way to do this is to continue to be open any ideas after the study. Even after any recommendations, there may be need to modify or change any suggestions after careful study. In the end the President wants to be sure that staff and faculty are fairly and legally compensated. ) An assistant of the President was appointed as the secretary of the task force. This gives the president an inside access into the committee and its progress. It also keeps the president informed and also keep track on the individual contributions to the committee and also the to see how unified the team is in their decision making. This also would help the president in developing counter proposals and also suggestions to what the task force recommends. Conclusion As per my opinion, in regards to the Medford University study , the purpose of the task force is to provide recommendations from the faculty, staff, and student body.The chair and its members represent a sampling of the faculty, staff and students which can act as voice for their well-being. The diverse task force members will also be better able to gage support in the cost cutting measures where necessary in order for the school to maintain the level of education it is currently providing and that it keeps its top notch educators. References Brinkley, J. A. , Smith, C. W. , & Zimmerman, J. L. (2009). Managerial economics and organizational architecture. Chicago: Irwin.

Hamlet Review Essays

Hamlet Review Essays Hamlet Review Paper Hamlet Review Paper Review of Hamlet by William Shakespeare. Performed at The Theatre Royal Plymouth.September 2004 Hamlet is one of Shakespeares most popular and widely produced plays. The story of The Prince of Denmark, whose father, The King, is killed by his own brother.Hamlet receives a visit from the spirit of his dead father who explains the circumstances behind his death.Hamlet seeks revenge and further discovers that His Mother (The Queen) is romantically attached to his fathers murderer.The plot to revenge the murder ensues; Hamlet enlists the help of a group of actors to produce a play which satirises the incident before his uncle.The reaction is enough to convince Hamlet of the truth behind his fathers murder.Hamlets madness progresses, resulting in him accidentally killing a member of the royal council.Ophelias father.In a final and bloody showdown, the Queen drinks from a poisoned chalice meant for Hamlet.Hamlet kills Ophelias and is himself stabbed with a poisoned sword.Before his death, he kills the king. The performance, directed by Legendary Japanese director Yukio Ninagawa, created a truly visual spectacle with undeniably oriental influences.From start to finish, this production of Hamlet was a veritable banquet for the eyes.At the opening of the performance the audience was greeted with a vast black stage, high walls dominate the space numerous light bulbs of varying sizes hang down to pierce the blackness with shards of light.They swung, as if rocked by the wind, together with simple sound effects, we are outside on a cold winters evening.This use of sound effects is a simple conventionwhich is revisited throughout the performance to good effect. The stage space was pierced from floor to ceiling strands of dangerous looking barbed wires.They served as the boundaries between characters; they are the marks of invisible walls, like prison bars, adding an element of Hamlet Review Essays Hamlet Review Paper Hamlet Review Paper Hamlet is a classical adaptation of William Shakespeares original version. We went to see this version on the 1st November 2004 at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle. William Shakespeare is famously known for his writing of well-credited and popular plays. Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-Upon-Avon, but his exact date of birth is not known, therefore is assumed to be the 23rd April. He married Anne Hathaway in 1582 and they had three children. In 158 Shakespeare was recognised as an actor, poet and playwright, when he was referred to as an upstage crow in A Groatsworth of Wit. Shakespeare continued to write many famous plays such as A Midsummer Nights Dream, Macbeth and The Tempest before dying on his 52nd birthday in 1616. Hamlet is a play of lies and deceit between friends and family, which sets out to show the audience the friction of royalty, over power and leadership. When Hamlets father died and the crown was handed over to his brother Claudius, Hamlet is visited by his fathers ghost to tell Hamlet that Claudius murdered him. Hamlet is then forced to gain revenge on Claudius and anyone else that gets in his way. A story of love and hate, truth and lies, in a capsule, put on stage. Hamlet has been very highly reviewed by national papers such as the Guardian saying it was riveting and the Daily Express saying it was a Chilling Hamlet performance. Hamlet is set in Denmark and has been kept Shakespearean through its costumes and language used. Hamlet used music that reflected the situations happening e. g. the hall scene used classical music that was sung and played live, this could represent the power of the royals. : The whole of the production was set on the stage, with entrances and exits, mainly, through the wooden panelled background set. The set of a wooden surrounding encased the audience and actors to provoke a feeling of being trapped and cannot escape. The genre of the play was tragedy, so the general expectations that the audience wanted to see were death, betrayal and shocking revelations. Hamlet was performed in a proscenium arch at the Theatre Royal, with the audience surrounding every side, from the stalls to the gallery. I have also seen The Play What I Wrote at the Theatre Royal. The advertising for this play was quite minimal. Posters were placed outside of the theatre and information was placed on their website, but because the play was originally wrote by an immensely famous playwright it was also publicised by word of mouth. The set was very simple and had very few props, which were brought onto the bare stage. E. g. the goblet of poison and the sword rack. I think the stage was minimalist so as not to overpower the actors and distract the audience from the text of the play towards the set design, although cleverly created to be a blank canvas. The effect of placing the play into the same set throughout, using the same bare stage for each different scene, was highly effective as the audience could take in the set when they first enter, although not much to take in, before the play starts, and concentrate on the storyline from then on. More imagination is used if they have to make the scenery for themselves; this helps to draw the audience in. Also using a minimalist set saves the stage from becoming chaotic with props and clouding the performance. There were certain props that were used that were essential, like chairs, as it would have been hard to mime sitting down for a long length of time. The lighting used was extremely successful as it captured the moments. Dark light was used as Hamlet followed his fathers ghost and when the ghost re-entered to his grave a strip of light was used as if pointing to his grave. A strip light was used around the outskirts of the stage, at the back, often lit in neon blue, but did change to red and purple. The characterisation of each actor was well balanced with each other, from the comic Polonius to the serious Horatio. The language used was very difficult ot follow at times as Hamlet was spoke in old English, using old terminology and phrases, that arent used in this day and age. The stage was quite spacious and was obviously a huge part in the play, therefore the characters had to use the space ton their advantage, constantly moving around and delivering lines from various places. The effectiveness of this technique was to ensure that the audience were captivated as to where they were going to move to next, or what was going to happen next, if they hadnt already seen the play before hand. Each actor and their characters that they played used all parts of the stage. Facial expressions were a major factor for Hamlet to be a success and to gain high popularity, if not higher popularity. Each expression had to be delivered correctly and with correct timing so to have best co-ordination with the script and with the audience. The actors characters were very complex but the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) seemed to manage all right to create an astounding performance with the final result being highly creditable. Facial expressions were what made the comical moments comical, the silent moments tense and the sad moments emotional, and each of them was revealed to the best possibilities of the actors abilities with great effect. The actors were never distinguishable as actors rather than their characters as they played the parts extremely well and never came out of character or fluffed any lines that were noticed. The costumes worn were very symbolic of the time period and the type of people that were being represented. Gertrude wore the most spectacular dresses, always high necklines and lots of frills in a multitude of colours. I think this was to cover the fact that she had just lost her husband, the late Hamlet, and didnt want to show that wanted and needed to mourn him. Hamlet wore very dull and dowdy clothing, as he was a social outcast from the rest of the people, except his sister and mother. His shirt and pants were torn, revealing dirty legs and arms. This kind of portrayal to the audience showed that Hamlet wasnt suited to the royalty that everyone else led. Polonius wore very loud clothing to accentuate the fact that his character was highly comic and his persona was light. He wore colours of gold and black and often purple. I think the gold showed that he was connected to the royal line in some form, as it was only a hint of gold on the hems or cuffs of the gowns that he wore. The ghost of late Hamlet was the most fascinating character for me as he hardly had any lines on stage, and off stage was the riveting line: swear by the sword The way in which Greg Hicks played the character had an eerie quality, the way in which he moved added to the effect of being ghostly.

A History of the German Revolution of 1918 19

A History of the German Revolution of 1918 19 In 1918 – 19 Imperial Germany experienced a socialist-heavy revolution that, despite some surprising events and even a small socialist republic, would bring a democratic government. The Kaiser was rejected and a new parliament based at Weimar took over. However, Weimar ultimately failed and the question of whether the seeds of that failure began in the revolution if 1918-19 has never been decisively answered. Germany Fractures in World War One Like the other countries of Europe, much of Germany went into World War One believing it would be a short war and a decisive victory for them. But when the western front ground to a stalemate and the eastern front proved no more promising, Germany realized it had entered into a prolonged process it was poorly prepared for. The country began to take the necessary measures to support the war, including mobilizing an enlarged workforce, dedicating more manufacturing to arms and other military supplies, and taking strategic decisions they hoped would give them an advantage. The war went on through the years, and Germany found itself increasingly stretched, so much so it began to fracture. Militarily, the army stayed an effective fighting force until 1918, and widespread disillusion and failures stemming from morale only crept in towards the end, although there were some earlier revolts. But before this, the steps taken in Germany to do everything for the military saw the ‘home front’ experience problems, and there was a marked change in morale from early 1917 onward, with strikes at one point numbering a million workers. Civilians were experiencing food shortages, exacerbated by the failure of the potato crop over the 1916-17 winter. There were also fuel shortages, and deaths from hunger and cold more than doubled over the same winter; flu was widespread and lethal. Infant mortality was also growing considerably, and when this was coupled with the families of the two million dead soldiers and the many millions wounded, you had a populace th at was suffering. In addition, while working days grew longer, inflation was making goods ever more expensive, and ever more unaffordable. The economy was on the verge of collapsing. The discontent among German civilians was not limited to either the working or middle classes, as both felt an increasing hostility to the government. Industrialists were also a popular target, with people convinced they were making millions from the war effort while everyone else suffered. As the war went deep into 1918, and the German offensives failed, the German nation seemed to be on the verge of splitting, even with the enemy still not on German soil. There was pressure from the government, from campaign groups and others to reform a government system that seemed to be failing. Ludendorff sets the Time Bomb Imperial Germany was supposed to be run by the Kaiser, Wilhelm II, aided by a Chancellor. However, over the final years of the war, two military commanders had taken control of Germany: Hindenburg and Ludendorff. By mid-1918 Ludendorff, the man with the practical control suffered both a mental breakdown and a long-feared realization: Germany was going to lose the war. He also knew that if the allies invaded Germany it would have a peace forced on it, and so he took actions which he hoped would bring a gentler peace deal under Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points: he asked for the German Imperial autocracy to be transformed into a constitutional monarchy, keeping the Kaiser but bringing in a new level of effective government. Ludendorff had three reasons for doing this. He believed the democratic governments of Britain, France, and the United States would be more willing to work with a constitutional monarchy than the Kaiserriech, and he believed that the change would head off the social revolt he feared the war’s failure would trigger as blame and anger were redirected. He saw the neutered parliament’s calls for change and feared what they would bring if left unmanaged. But Ludendorff had a third goal, a far more pernicious and costly one. Ludendorff didn’t want the army to take the blame for the war’s failure, nor did he want his high-powered allies to do so either. No, what Ludendorff wanted was to create this new civilian government and make them surrender, to negotiate the peace, so they would be blamed by the German people and the army would still be respected. Unfortunately for Europe in the mid-twentieth century, Ludendorff was entirely successful, starting the myth tha t Germany had been ‘stabbed in the back’, and helping the fall of Weimer and the rise of Hitler. Revolution from Above A strong Red Cross supporter, Prince Max of Baden became chancellor of Germany in October 1918, and Germany restructured its government: for the first time the Kaiser and the Chancellor were made answerable to the parliament, the Reichstag: the Kaiser lost command of the military, and the Chancellor had to explain himself, not to the Kaiser, but parliament. As Ludendorff hoped, this civilian government was negotiating an end to the war. Germany Revolts However, as the news spread across Germany that the war was lost, shock set in, then the anger Ludendorff and others had feared. So many had suffered so much and been told they were so close to victory that many weren’t satisfied with the new system of government. Germany would move swiftly into revolution. Sailors at a naval base near Kiel rebelled on October 29, 1918, and as the government lost control of the situation other major naval bases and ports also fell to revolutionaries. The sailors were angry at what was happening and were trying to prevent the suicide attack some naval commanders had ordered to try and recover some honor. News of these revolts spread, and everywhere it went soldiers, sailors and workers joined them in rebelling. Many set up special, soviet style councils to organize themselves, and Bavaria actually expelled their fossil King Ludwig III and Kurt Eisner declared it a socialist republic. The October reforms were soon being rejected as not enough, both by the revolutionaries and the old order who needed a way to manage events. Max Baden hadn’t wanted to expel the Kaiser and family from the throne, but given that the latter was reluctant to make any other reforms, Baden had no choice, and so it was decided that the Kaiser would be replaced by a left-wing government led by Friedrich Ebert. But the situation at the heart of government was chaos, and first a member of this government - Philipp  Scheidemann – declared that Germany was a republic, and then another called it a Soviet Republic. The Kaiser, already in Belgium, decided to accept military advice that his throne was gone, and he exiled himself to Holland. The Empire was over. Left Wing Germany in Fragments Ebert and Government At the end of 1918, the government looked like it was falling apart, as the SPD was moving from the left to the right in an ever more desperate attempt to gather support, while the USPD pulled out to focus on more extreme reform. The Spartacists Revolt Bolsheviks The Results: The National Constituent Assembly Thanks to Ebert’s leadership and the quelling of extreme socialism, Germany in 1919 was led by a government which had changed at the very top – from an autocracy to a republic – but in which key structures like land ownership, industry and other businesses, the church, the military and the civil service, remained pretty much the same. There was great continuity and not the socialist reforms that the country seemed in a position to carry through, but neither had there been large-scale bloodshed. Ultimately, it can be argued that the revolution in Germany was a lost opportunity for the left, a revolution that lost its way, and that socialism lost a chance to restructure before Germany and the conservative right grew ever more able to dominate. Revolution? Although it is common to refer to these events as a revolution, some historians dislike the term, viewing the 1918-19 as either a partial / failed revolution, or an evolution from the Kaiserreich, which might have taken place gradually if World War One had never occurred. Many Germans who lived through it also thought it was only half a revolution, because while the Kaiser had gone, the socialist state they had wanted was also absent, with the leading socialist party heading up a middle ground. For the next few years, left-wing groups would attempt to push the ‘revolution’ further, but all failed. In doing so, the center allowed the right to remain to crush the left.

Are Criminals Born with More Y Chromosomes Research Paper

Are Criminals Born with More Y Chromosomes - Research Paper Example However, it becomes something of interest to know that some individual are not moved by such sights. An individual can withstand the act of butchering a fellow human being to death. Some of the criminals always perform ugly operations on their victims. They cut off the body into pieces, as though the person were some kind of an animal being slaughtered for a meal. Others cannot just stop committing crimes. A person would be arrested and imprisoned for a long time only to be released to go back to the same crimes. Others would continue with their criminal acts even when in prison. Goldstein (34) says that it is more often that a person would murder another without the intent to do so. It could be a situation where the two are fighting (for such physical fights are very common and a normal way of expressing the utmost anger) and one hits the other in a delicate part and kills him in the process. This would be considered as an accident and a court of law may charge it as manslaughter in stead of murder. However, cold blood murderers are just beyond normal human beings. This paper seeks to investigate the claim that criminals are born with more Y chromosomes which is the cause for their behavior. After a scholarly research, Goldstein (57) notes that some people are born with more Y chromosomes. This chromosome is always the determinant of the male sex. There are occasions where an individual would be born with more of this chromosome, causing some form of disorder. Male are naturally the more aggressive gender. They have the urge to be the best and they would use any means, including such aggressive acts as forcing their way against the set laws, to achieve what they feels they feel they should achieve. This characteristic is associated with the Y chromosome. Ciba Foundation Symposium (44) reports that Carl Panzram, one of the most dreaded serial killers, had an extra Y chromosome. Scientists agree that an extra Y chromosome contributes to innate aggressiveness. Thi s is a condition that may be hard to control in some instances. Such individuals would easily find themselves in physical fights especially when another individual tries to challenge a position they feel is rightfully theirs. This scholar notes that at times this action is always by impulse. Just like someone would not prevent a sneeze, and it happens even when we would want to restrain it, serial killers and other serial criminals find themselves committing crimes against their wishes. A study by Ciba Foundation Symposium (47) shows that prisons around the world have more men than women. It is would therefore be true to give such a hypothesis as, ‘men have more tendency to commit crime than women do.’ Genetically, a man has an X and a Y chromosome and a woman an X and X chromosome. When one sex proves to be more aggressive than the other, then it would be due to this difference in chromosomal composition. As researchers universally agree that the Y chromosome cause som e tendency of aggression in man, it would be probable that their aggression is caused by the presence of the extra Y chromosome. If men with a normal chromosomal composition of one Y chromosome tend to be more aggressive than a woman, then the extra chromosome in some men (two Y chromosomes instead of one) would make them act in a manner that would be considered criminal within the society. The justification of criminal acts as being caused by genetic composition of an

Thurgood Marshall Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Thurgood Marshall - Research Paper Example Thurgood’s mother, Norma Arica Marshall was a schoolteacher and also the first black woman to graduate from the Colombia Teacher’s College, New York. At the early age of six, he started his schooling in the Douglas High School. He was always known as a B grade average student in his entire school life. In the year 1925, he went to Lincoln University in Pennsylvania. Thurgood received his law education from the Howard University Law School in Washington D.C. (Pena, â€Å"Thurgood Marshall†). It was also said that by the age of 16, Thurgood had memorized most of the Constitutions of the US, which signified his potentialities to become an influential Justice of the US Supreme Court (United States Postal Service, â€Å"Thurgood Marshall†). THESIS STATEMENT The thesis intends to present a biographic study of the early life, initial career and later professional life of Thurgood, the first African-American Justice of the US Supreme Court. The focus of the thesis also emphasizes the contributions of the Justice in the formation of the Civil Rights as included in the US Constitution and his entire journey throughout. To be precise, a detailed study of his life including his family background and his beginning of the career as a judge has been covered in the thesis. NOMINATION OF THE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT Initially, after the completion of his studies in the Howard University Law School, he became the Chief Counsel of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Later, in 1954, he was appointed in the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit by John F. Kennedy. Also in the year 1965, he was engaged in the Office of the US Solicitor General being elected by the President Lyndon Johnson. It is worth mentioning in this context that Thurgood Marshall had already won 14 cases out of 19 on behalf of the government in the Supreme Court, before his nomination in the Supreme Court in the year 1967 (Friedman 1-4). It was President Lyndon Johnson who had nominated Thurgood for the designation of Justice in the US Supreme Court. Thurgood was nominated to succeed Associate Justice Tom C. Clark after his retirement. He was appointed to the US Court of Appeals in the early 1961, but due to many controversies raised the Southern senators, his nomination to the Supreme Court judge was not confirmed. The controversial issues were majorly reported as related to racial inequality, wherein the debate involved the whites, commonly as opposers to the nomination of Thurgood and the non-whites, as defenders. Finally in the month of July 1967, Thurgood was again nominated for the Supreme Court. Thurgood was confirmed with 69 votes in his favor on August 30th in the year 1967. After two days of the event, Thurgood Marshall was handed over with the position by Chief Justice Earl Warren and thus, became the first African American judge of the Supreme Court (A&E Television Networks, â€Å"Thurgood Marshall appoin ted to Supreme Court†). President Johnson had once stated that Thurgood had already acquired his significant position in the history of the US and the country will be blessed by his services in the court, which after his 10th death anniversary also remains an undisputable truth. After his confirmation as a Justice in the US Supreme Court, he became one of the major supporters to the legitimate rights of labor, development of women in every dimension and racial

Remington Consulting Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Remington Consulting Group - Essay Example This report includes analysis of Remington Consulting in the context of human capital management and low labor turn over. It contains relevant theories and analysis of those in the context of the organization. In addition to that, the report also includes the major issues that are arising out of low labor turnover and recommended selection process. Recommendations have been developed for consideration by the Board of Directors and Director of Human Resources based on deficiencies identified, and strategies to overcome limitations. Recommendations include the development of a program for human capital management; accepting higher turnover; embracing innovation in the organization; adopting strategic human resource selection criteria and processes and adopting modern HRM practices. This includes restructuring the organizational boundaries for a move towards dynamic responsibilities, and extensive use of innovation. This study is a case study of Remington Consulting Group. This study was assigned to a unit assignment. The study has been laid out in several sections. Sections include the executive summary; terms of reference; procedure; findings; conclusions and recommendations; references and appendices. The study has been conducted in several phases. The first phase was an overview of the case. This was followed by the review of relevant literature in the form of textbooks, academic publications, case studies, reports. Material from publications was synthesized to analyze the Remington case scenario. This method was considered ideal for the study as it allowed review of a wide range of literature to evaluate the study, and identify good practices. Conclusions were drawn based on the analysis, and recommendations were developed. Findings from the review of literature have been analyzed.

Radioactivity In Ionisation Smoke Alarms Environmental Sciences Essay

Radioactivity In Ionisation Smoke Alarms Environmental Sciences Essay In this coursework, I will be discussing the role of radioactivity in ionisation smoke alarms; I will focus primarily on the main radioactive substance used in smoke alarms, americium 241, and will analyse its effects as well as its half life. I will also analyse a variety of data based on smoke alarms, and finally, I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of smoke alarms. In smoke detectors, Alpha radiation is given out. Alpha particles are made of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. This means that they have a charge of +2, and a mass of 4. Alpha particles are relatively slow and heavy. Alpha emitters must be used for smoke detectors since alpha particles ionise air the most, are mostly likely to be absorbed by cells and are least penetrating. Gamma rays and beta particles easily pass through air without causing ionisation, Beta particles are absorbed by a thin sheet of Aluminium and Gamma is absorbed by either concrete or thick lead. The radiation given out from the smoke detector is essentially zero and in any case very much less than that from natural background radiation. This is the radiation which all around us. The alpha particles  are absorbed within the detector. The small amount of radioactive material that is used in these detectors is not a health hazard and individual units can be disposed of in normal household waste. However, Alpha radiation is most dangerous inside the body because it is most likely to be absorbed by the organs whereas Beta and Gamma radiation is more dangerous outside the body because the skin cannot stop them. Americium-241 is dangerous if it is taken into the body in soluble form. The data which I mainly used for my coursework was from www.communities.gov.uk. I think this website is reliable and valid because it is a government website. It has not been created for the purpose of sale so it isnt biased. However there are a few problems with this website. The problem lies in the data which shows how the % of homes with smoke alarms has changed between 1988-2005. This data is unreliable and invalid. It is invalid because they change from smoke alarm ownership to working smoke alarm ownership in conclusion to that it also has data missing from some years. It is not as valid as it should be because it not the same as what was being looked at in the beginning. But as for the rest of the information, I think it is reliable and valid because it is a government website, not any website just put up on to the internet. The way in which we could make sure that the data we have it valid and reliable is by comparing them with other results from other sources. By doing this we would be able to see if they are similar or they are different and we would be able to find out if they are correct or not. The results which I got could be improved if they were collected in a number of different ways. For example data could be collected from the history of the emergency services, data could also be collected by handing out questionnaires and surveys or even collected via the phone. Advantages and Disadvantages of Smoke Alarms There are many benefits of a smoke alarm and many disadvantages. Below are some advantages of a smoke alarm. Firstly the most important benefit of a smoke alarm is that it saves lives. Smoke alarms are a powerful and effective fire safety technology. The smoke detector also allows the emergency services to react quicker so they are able to get to the fire quicker and save lives. The most important thing is the life of a person. Besides this, a smoke detector also saves money and property. Some people may have money stored at home. For these people it would be a great loss if they were to lose everything in a fire. With a smoke detector, a person is able to quickly put out the fire so a lot of the property does not get damaged. Another advantage is that the americium-241 is very sensitive. Ionization smoke alarms respond first to fast flaming fires. A flaming fire consumes flammable extremely fast, spreads rapidly and generates considerable heat with little smoke. It responds very quickly to small amounts of smoke. Americium-241 has a half life of 442 which is not too long or too short. It is just right. If it had a long half-life then it wouldnt have to be replaced very often but it would stay dangerous for a long time. If it had a short half-life then it would fall to safe level quickly but it would have to be replaced very often. The Americium is just right, not too short or too long, in the middle. One advantage is that to have a smoke detector reduces the insurance cost. This is because a house which has a smoke detector has less chance of burning down because the smoke alarm will detect the fire so the occupants are able to put it off. For this reason there is cheaper insurance for the house which has a smoke alarm. Finally, smoke alarms are very cheap. They are even free for many houses but for some people who have to buy it, it is of a very low price. With the advantages, there are also disadvantages of smoke detectors. Below are some disadvantages of smoke alarms. The biggest disadvantage is that it contains a very small amount of radioactive material. These devices are probably not a problem unless they burn, in which case the Americium would be released in particulate form an inhalation hazard. Another big disadvantage is that it is a bit too sensitive. It can be vulnerable to nuisance alarms if placed too close to cooking. It goes off many times especially if it is kept near a kitchen. This can be very annoying especially if it happens repeatedly. One disadvantage is that because there are many smoke alarms which give out radiation in this country, they will be radioactive for 1000 of years. The radioactivity in the environment will increase. The disposal of this type of smoke alarm is very harmful, when the building is demolished and new buildings are made, the smoke alarm still emits radioactivity which is not good for the environment. Finally, another disadvantage is that it works on battery and after a long period, the battery runs out. Therefore, smoke detector stops working so the batteries have to be replaced. Overall, I think that smoke detectors are beneficial because it could save a persons life if a fire was to occur and its also very cheap to buy but it has it drawbacks that it emits radioactive material, however the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

Ntozake Shange :: Male White Dominance Essays Prejudice

Ntozake Shange After spending a semester looking at Gardner's limited selection of people, I became frustrated at his blatant message that White male creativity is the only one to exist. With his obtrusive message in mind, I felt the need to challenge Gardner and his model to become less Euro-centrally male driven. In order to confront him, I have chosen a person who is neither, White nor male. Instead, she is a Black American woman who I can consider to be, in many aspects, a creative genius. Although I find it incredibly hypocritical to try to fit Ntozake Shange into Gardner's creativity model, for all intensive purposes for the class I will first point out how she does meet his model. Next, in accordance with Black feminists, I will examine why she does not fit into Gardner's creativity model and frankly, why it does not matter that she is not shaped into the model. Further, I will confront the issue that marginal people are rejected society's cannon (i.e. the white male cannon), and how Gardner, in the position of a writer he could have broken down some of these barriers. Ntozake Shange does fit into five of the seven intelligences in Howard Gardner's model. As a performance artist, poet, musician, writer, and politician, Shange's intelligences span the interpersonal, spatial, kinesthetic, musical, and verbal talents. She blends music, drama, and poetry to characterize the Black experience in America, particularly the Black female experience. Her works empower women to take responsibility for their lives by learning to love themselves and challenge their oppressors. Shange's life and works give clarification and direction to the current feminist movement (Black Women in America). Furthermore, her supportive back-ground fits her into Gardner'stheory that, "the roles of family and teachers during the formative years, as well as the roles of crucial supportive individuals during the times in which a creative breakthrough seems imminent" through the lives of creative people (8). Paulette Williams was born to Eloise and Paul Williams on October 18th, 1948. Later in life, Paulette Williams changed her "slave name" to an African name, Ntozake Shange. Ntozake means "she who comes with her own things" and Shange means "who walks like a lion" (Current Biography 1978). However, in her earlier life, Shange lived a seemingly comfortable life. Her mother was a psychiatrist/social worker and her father was a surgeon. Despite their Blackness in a times of segregation, Shange was given violin and dancing lessons while exposed to other artistic activities as well.

My Grandparents Essay

One favorite place from my childhood that I remember fondly is my grandparents’ house. On one hand, its marvelous location is unforgettable to me. On the other hand, I have a lovely remembrance of all the fun activities my family and I did there. In addition, other memories include the delicious meals we enjoyed there. To begin, it had a marvelous location. My grandparents’ house was in Punta Cuna, one of the eastern beach cities in the Dominican Republic. The house was very near to the beach, on the top of a hill: for that reason, a fresh breeze was always blowing. It was surrounded by beautiful gardens and a huge back yard with many fruit trees on which lived a lot of birds that would delight with their trills. The view from all of the windows, which included the sea or the backyard, was marvelous. Also, my sisters and I could see the sunrise from the portal. Being a woken up by the sound of the neighbor rooster was my favorite. Not to forget the different aromas coming from the prevalent peddlers made you just want to savor all the different bouquets coming there my little pink bedroom window. In addition, my grandparents planned a lot of activities to keep us amused. We and our friends used to go to the beach every morning, and sometimes we went in the afternoons too. We played a lot of board games such as dominoes, canasta, continental and monopoly. Also, we used to play outdoors for example we did races, played hide-and-seek, and took refreshing hose showers at the backyard. My grandfather would send us out on mini scavenger hunts around the yard for different things he would hide. While we would search for them he would change them locate and then yell out â€Å" Your so freezing cold ; wrong direction† in creole, then start laugh. My grandmother would take us with her on occasion to the Marche aux Puces and we would go around and view the different Merchants who enticing fragrance would wake me up in the morning. At night we would lay under the stars in the backyard and enjoy what we bought from the Marche aux Puces. Last but not least, was the exquisite meals that we ate there. My grandfather was a wonderful cook, and he used to prepare tasteful dishes for us. We tried vegetables, seafood, and all kind of meat made for him. Sometimes, my grandparents and we went out to dinner and could taste a wide variety of meals. The beautiful location left indelible marks in our minds. The amusing time that we passed there is unforgettable. I never try again a meal with the delicious taste of my grandfather’s meal. For all of that, my grandparents’ house was in my memory as the most favorite place that I visited during my childhood.

Life of George Bush

Who knew a son could follow so many footsteps of a father. George W. Bush, son of former president George Bush, has done exactly that; which has led him too many great successes throughout his career in the political arena of politics. George W. Bush a strong businessman, a leader in politics, and a running member of one of the most famous Presidential campaigns ever. George W. Bush, known as â€Å"W† to most people, was born in New Haven, Connecticut on July 6, 1946 to the parents of George Herbert Walker Bush and Barbara Pierce Bush. Most of his adolescence was spent in Midland and Houston, Texas. He is the eldest son of five siblings, which include, Jeb, governor of Florida, Neil, Marvin, and Dorothy. Like his father, Bush attended the same college, Philips Andover Academy in Massachusetts before he went and graduated from Yale University with a bachelor†s degree in 1968 (A&E 1). While attending school, he joined the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and became a member of Skull and Bones at Yale. Unlike his father, George Bush did not receive any kind of scholarships for baseball instead he was president of his fraternity as his extracurricular activity (Newsmakers 1). W then returned to Texas in May, still following the footsteps of his father, he enlisted with the Texas Air National Guard where he became a F-102 pilot. He was trained in a fi! fty-three-week program to fly fighter jets. He completed in 1973 and eventually became a lieutenant but never had to go to Vietnam. He spent his time in Houston holding various short-term jobs, one including a stint at a program called Pull for Youth for underprivileged kids. Although, during this time of the early seventies reporters like to call this a, â€Å"nomadic period† for Bush. Time magazine wrote: â€Å"he became a real Texan in the family, chewing tobacco, using barnyard humor, settling in the state†s western corner, the one harboring what his aunt Nancy Ellis calls, a ‘slightly outrageous streak†Ã¢â‚¬  (Newsmakers 1). After working as a management trainee in agriculture firm and on U. S. Senate Campaigns in Florida and Alabama, he went to Harvard Business School in 1972 and received his M. B. A. in 1975. Still following the footsteps of his father, Bush decided to go into the business of the oil industry. He earned his first million within ten years, but the oil industry for Bush didn†t exactly turn out the way it had for his father. W built a small independent oil and gas exploration company called Arbusto (the Spanish word for â€Å"bush†). He married Laura Welch, a librarian and former teacher, in 1977 and then joined the 1978 race for the U. S. House of Representatives. He ran against a very well known democratic Senator, Kent Hance. Bush lost by six points after setting a new Texas record for fundraising capabilities for a House candidate (A&E 1). In 1981, Laura gave birth to their twin daughters named after their grandmothers, Barbara and Jenna (A&E 1). By this time Bush†s oil industry was re-named Bush Exploration. By the early 1980†³s, when the energy market turned soft, Bush Exploration foundered. In 1983, Bush combined with Spectrum 7; three years later Bush arranged fo! r Spectrum 7 to be sold to Harken Energy for a bargain price. He later sold his original stock shares and made a considerable profit of 600,000 dollars (Newsmakers 1). W also got a consulting contract and stock options with Harken which all combined to be a deal of about one million in his pocket over the next few years (Newsmakers 1). Later in 1990, Time reported: â€Å"before Iraq invaded Kuwait, Bush sold 66% of his Harken stake at the top of the market for nearly 850,000, which was a 200% profit on his original stake† (Newsmakers 2). This upset the Vice President and W, where they stated: â€Å"The media ought to be ashamed of itself for what they†re doing† (Newsmakers 2). Needless to say, Bush went out of the business and chose to go for politics. By now he was all name and no money. On his 40th birthday, George Bush came to a cross road in his life where he stopped drinking and became a strong Methodist with his wife Laura. He became noticeably more serious in changing his profession to strictly politics. He moved his family to Washington D. C. in 1987 to began working on his fathers 1988 Presidential campaign (A&E 1). Though he had no official title on the campaign he became his father†s hardest and most trusted worker. He became known as a talented speaker and as the campaign†s chief liaison to Christian conservatives, he gained respect for handling volatile diplomatic matters, such as the firing of chief John Sununu, and for swiftly taking care of business (Newsmakers 1). The experience in Washington was one that Bush did not like, even though it brought him closer to his father, he did not like the hostile environment that the political life brought him. Bush still felt that he was trailing behind his father†s footsteps with no independence for himsel! of doing something different. After his fathers successful election in November 1988 W moved back to Texas with his family, this time living in Dallas. He wasted no time in venturing out to find something new; baseball was what he found. In a matter of months he gathered up a team of wealthy investors and brought the American League†s Texas Rangers to Dallas. He took role as managing partner for the team. He brought support to the team and helped boost attendance to the games. By doing this, it brought W much admiration from the Texans and the Rangers. He earned an identity of his own which was something he had been struggling a long time for. He earned a good deal of money through this great investment of 606,000, but he walked away with nearly fifteen million when the team was sold in 1998 (A&E 1). He earned this money as just a managing partner in which he only owned 5% of the team. After such great success with the Rangers, Bush decided it was time to try a hand in loca! Despite his mother†s opinion, Bush wanted to run as governor of Texas against the powerful Democrat Ann Richards. With much advice not to, Bush jumped right into the race while his brother, Jeb, did the same in Florida. With their experience from being their father†s aid since they were eighteen, they felt they could handle such a large duty as governor. Many reporters felt that Bush had such an advantage by just having his last name, but to Bush he feels the complete opposite. W quoted: â€Å"The biggest advantage and the biggest handicap I have is my name† (Newsmakers 2). The campaign against Ann Richard†s was tough, she used sayings such as: â€Å"If he didn†t have his daddy†s name he would not amount to anything. She also used names such as: â€Å"jerk† to sometimes address him during a debate (Newsmakers 2-3). Bush†s response to the accusations was very appropriate, needless to say he did not go to her level of maturity. The debate focused on welfare reform, a crackdown on crime (e! specially juveniles), increased autonomy and state financing for local school districts, and personal responsibility (Newsmakers 3). Bush is quoted as saying: â€Å"Let Texans run Texas,† this was a message that appealed to all Texans during the campaign (Newsmakers 3). Bush defeated Ann Richards by 350,000 votes. Elected governor of Texas on November 8,1994; twenty thousand people attended Bush†s inauguration in Austin, including the famous preacher Billy Graham, legendary baseball pitcher Nolan Ryan, movie star Chuck Norris, and, of course, George and Barbara Bush (Newsmakers 3). Becoming the 46th governor of Texas, Bush has earned a reputation as a compassionate conservative: who shapes policy based on the principals of limited government, personal responsibility, strong families and local control (â€Å"Governor† 1). In an historic re-election victory, he became the first Texas Governor to be elected to consecutive four-year terms on November 3, 1998, winning 68. 6 percent of the votes, 27 percent of the African-American votes, and 27 percent of Democrats and 65 percent of women. He is the first Republican to win the heavily Hispanic and Democratic border countries of El Paso, Cameron and Hidalgo (â€Å"Governor† 2). In six months, he signed nearly all of his proposed reforms into law by working closely with Democratic Lieutenant Governor Bob Bullock (Newsmakers 3). Making Texas a Beacon State, he has made policies such as: responsible government, better schools, strong families, safer streets, cleaner environment, growing economy are all some issues that he ha! s improved during his governorship in Texas. Education is Bush†s first priority in Texas. He has increased 47 percent of the TAAS tests in all parts. The number of minorities passing the mathematics portion of TAAS has increased 25 percent. The most recent National Assessment of Educational Progress Report Card on Math Achievement showed Texas African-American fourth graders ranked first in nation in improvement, with Hispanic students close behind (â€Å"Message†1). Texas eighth graders ranked fourth in the country on the 1998 National Assessment of Education Progress writing test. All minority groups and Texas African American and Hispanic eighth graders ranked first and second in the nation. Reading performance has improved 87 percent of all students in grades 3-8 and 10 passed the reading TAAS in 1998, an increase from 77 percent four years ago. From 1994 to 1998, the number of schools rated â€Å"exemplary† rose from just 67 to 1,048. During the same time, the number of â€Å"recognize! d† schools more than tripled from 516 to 1,666 (â€Å"Message† 1). He has worked with the Legislatures to increase the state†s share of funding for schools, so that they can: restore local control, strengthen the state†s accountability system, give parents greater choice of schools and to foster competition and creativity through charter schools. This will give the people of Texas an expanded menu of educational opportunity. His greatest goal is that every child will learn to read by third grade and continue to read at grade level or better throughout public school (â€Å"Message†1). Legislation signed by the governor during the 1999 Texas Legislative Session included the largest funding increase for public education in the state†s history and nearly two billion in tax cuts and relief, the largest tax cut in Texas history (â€Å"Governor† 1). In June of 1999, Bush made the one decision that would change the rest of his life. It was time to decide if he would once again follow in his father†s footsteps, and become the 43rd President of the United States. In July, 2000, Bush announced his choice of running mate: Richard B. Cheney, a former congressman from Wyoming who served as Secretary of Defense under Bush†s father and is now in the oil business in Texas (A&E 2). Their opponents would be Al Gore and Joseph Lieberman, two strong, powerful democrats. Throughout the campaign of 2000, the candidates were shown to be close in the poles because both had issues that were appealing to the American people. Some of the main issues are: pro-life, pro-choice, social security, budget and economy, affirmative action, education, government reform, health care and prescription drugs (â€Å"Issues† 1-20). On November 7, 2000, both candidates await for the winning election of their lifetime. Their life experience would be rolled u! p into one day and two hundred seventy Electoral College votes. When the night of their lifetime finally arrived, the night ended with no presidency to guide America. That night has led to the counting, re-counting, and even hand counting of the ballots. It has also brought on numerous lawsuits from individuals to the parties themselves. It has scaled from local jurisdiction courts all the way to the Supreme Court of the United States. Even today, court cases are being heard that each party hopes to win in order to bring finality to the election. Even after the smoke clears and a President is declared, there will always be an uncertainty to the validity of this election in the minds of the people of the United States. George W. Bush, a man of pride, ambition, and power. He has served the state of Texas as their Governor, and now he has been declared twice our President of the United States of America. Will he serve America in the way he claims he can, will he be a leader for all to follow and look up to, will he be the man he acts upon being? The nation waits as the Supreme Court continue to make their rulings to find out which man will take this role as the Presidency of the United States.